The technology that forms the basis for peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing is commonly the BitTorrent protocol. This decentralized network allows users to share files directly between their devices without relying on a centralized server. P2P technology breaks files into smaller segments, which can be downloaded from multiple sources simultaneously, enhancing speed and efficiency. This method is often utilized for distributing large content, such as videos or software, enabling users to directly exchange data with one another.