The law of computing that states the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years is known as Moore's Law. This principle, proposed by Gordon Moore in 1965, predicts the exponential growth of computing power as manufacturing processes evolve. As transistors become smaller and more efficient, their increased density leads to faster and more capable microprocessors. This continual advancement significantly impacts technology innovation and has driven improvements in various applications, from personal computing to sophisticated data analysis systems.