The AI technology that mimics the human brain’s neural networks is called neural networks or more broadly, deep learning. These systems are designed to recognize patterns and make decisions by simulating the way biological neural networks operate. Utilizing layers of interconnected nodes, or "neurons," neural networks process data inputs through complex algorithms, improving their accuracy over time through machine learning. This technology has wide applications, including in image recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous systems, showcasing the potential of artificial intelligence to emulate human cognitive functions.