The type of network topology that uses a central hub is called a star topology. In this configuration, all nodes (devices) are connected to a single central device, such as a switch or hub. This structure simplifies management and troubleshooting since problems can often be isolated to a single connection. However, if the hub fails, the entire network becomes inoperable, which is a significant drawback compared to other topologies. Star topology is commonly used in home and office networks.