WebSockets and HTTP long-polling are technologies used to enable chat functionalities in applications. WebSockets allow for a two-way, real-time communication channel between clients and servers, making it ideal for chat applications that require instant updates. This technology supports persistent connections, enabling messages to flow freely without repeated requests. Alternatively, HTTP long-polling simulates real-time communication by continually making requests to the server for updates. While effective, long-polling can be less efficient compared to WebSockets. Overall, these technologies enhance user experience through timely interactions and communication.