The technology primarily responsible for enhancing online privacy is encryption. Encryption secures data by converting it into a format that can only be read or accessed by authorized users with the correct decryption key or password. This process protects sensitive information during transmission over the internet, such as personal details, financial transactions, and communication. Strong encryption protocols, such as SSL/TLS for web traffic, help prevent unauthorized access and eavesdropping. By implementing encryption, individuals and organizations can safeguard their data against cyber threats, ensuring greater privacy and security online.