The technology that enables peer-to-peer file sharing is primarily based on decentralized networks. This approach removes the need for a central server and allows users to directly connect and share files with each other. Popular protocols like BitTorrent utilize this technique, allowing users to download files from multiple sources simultaneously, which increases download speeds. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks also distribute the bandwidth load among users, improving efficiency. Applications like Napster and uTorrent have famously used P2P technology, demonstrating its effectiveness in file sharing.