The programming concept that allows objects to inherit attributes from other objects is called inheritance. In object-oriented programming (OOP), inheritance enables the creation of a new class (often referred to as a subclass) based on an existing class (the superclass). This facilitates code reuse and enhances organization by allowing subclasses to inherit both properties and methods of their superclasses, thereby reducing code duplication. Inheritance supports polymorphism and encapsulation, which are core principles of OOP, making it a powerful tool in software design.