The name of the computer system that can mimic human thought processes is known as an artificial intelligence (AI) system. AI encompasses a range of technologies designed to replicate cognitive functions, such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. With advancements in machine learning and neural networks, AI systems can analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns, make predictions, and even engage in natural language processing. This technology has applications across many sectors including healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, showcasing its transformative potential.