The acronym SQL refers to Structured Query Language, a standardized language used for managing and manipulating relational databases. SQL is employed to retrieve, update, and manipulate data stored in databases, utilizing commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. Its structured format allows for efficient querying, organization, and transaction management while preserving data integrity. SQL is foundational to database management systems like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Microsoft SQL Server, enabling developers and analysts to interact with data effectively across various applications.