E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It encompasses a range of online transactions, including retail, wholesale, and digital services. E-commerce platforms enable businesses to reach a global audience, offering convenience and accessibility to consumers. Various models exist within e-commerce, such as B2C (business-to-consumer), B2B (business-to-business), and C2C (consumer-to-consumer), each catering to unique market segments and transaction types.