The computer network topology that connects all devices to a central hub is called a star topology. In this arrangement, all nodes, including computers and peripherals, are linked to a central hub or switch. This topology simplifies network management, as issues can be quickly identified and isolated to individual devices without affecting the entire network. Additionally, star topology facilitates scalability by allowing easy addition or removal of devices. While it offers reliability and ease of troubleshooting, it also requires a reliable central hub, making it a critical point of failure.