The main components of cybersecurity include network security, application security, end-user education, data security, and incident response. Network security protects the integrity of networks, while application security focuses on software vulnerabilities. End-user education ensures users are aware of potential threats. Data security involves safeguarding databases and sensitive information, whereas incident response plans prepare organizations for potential breaches. These components work together to create a robust defense against cyber threats, including hacking, malware, and phishing attacks.