A QR code encodes information by using a two-dimensional barcode format that stores data through patterns of black and white squares. Each square corresponds to a binary value, allowing various types of information, like URLs, contact details, or texts, to be encoded efficiently. Scanners read these patterns and decode the information within milliseconds. QR codes are versatile and can be scanned using smartphones, making them popular for marketing, payments, and event ticketing. Their capacity for storing large amounts of data in a compact format enhances user convenience.