To score a touchdown in American football, a player must either carry the ball into the opponent's end zone or catch a pass while in the end zone. A touchdown is worth six points, and it can be achieved through various means, including running plays, passing plays, or defensive plays. After scoring, the team has the option to attempt an extra point or a two-point conversion, adding to their overall score. Touchdowns are critical to winning games, as they contribute the largest share of points.