The scientific study of volcanoes is known as volcanology. This branch of geology focuses on understanding the formation, eruption, distribution, and effects of volcanoes. Volcanologists study various phenomena associated with volcanic activity, including lava flows, ash clouds, and seismic activity. By monitoring volcanoes, scientists can assess hazards and predict potential eruptions, thus contributing to public safety and preparedness efforts. Understanding volcanology is crucial for evaluating the impacts of volcanic eruptions on climate, ecosystems, and human health.