The scientific name for the process of water purification through evaporation and condensation is distillation. This technique involves heating water to its boiling point, where it turns into vapor, thus separating it from impurities. As the vapor cools, it condenses back into liquid form, effectively removing contaminants such as minerals and microbes. Distillation is widely used in various applications, including producing potable water and in industrial processes. Its efficacy in purifying water makes it an essential method in both scientific research and practical applications.