Chloroplasts play a crucial role in plant cells by conducting photosynthesis. These organelles contain pigments like chlorophyll, which capture sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process not only provides energy for the plant but also contributes to the planet's oxygen supply. In addition to energy production, chloroplasts are involved in the synthesis of some amino acids and fatty acids, contributing to the overall metabolic functions of the plant. Their ability to harness solar energy is fundamental to life on Earth.