The process of fossilization involves the preservation of organic material over geological time, turning it into fossils. It typically occurs when organisms are buried quickly under sediment, preventing decay and allowing minerals to replace organic material, a process called permineralization. Other methods include amber encasement, where organisms get trapped in tree resin, and freezing, which preserves the specimen in ice. Fossilization provides valuable insights into ancient life, evolution, and past environmental conditions. Studying fossils helps scientists understand biological and geological history, contributing to fields like paleontology and evolutionary biology.