The primary functionality of synapses in neuron communication is to transmit signals between neurons. Synapses are specialized junctions where the release of neurotransmitters occurs, allowing for the propagation of electrical impulses. This process is vital for neural signaling, affecting functions such as muscle contraction, sensation, and cognitive processes. Proper synaptic function is essential for brain health, and disturbances can lead to neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of studying synapses in understanding both normal brain function and potential treatments.