The primary driver of ecological changes in desert environments is climate, particularly fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. These changes can lead to shifts in plant and animal distributions, affecting biodiversity and survival strategies. Human activities, such as urbanization and agriculture, further exacerbate these changes by introducing invasive species and altering natural habitats. Desert ecosystems are adapted to harsh conditions, but rapid environmental shifts can disrupt established ecological balances. Understanding these drivers is essential for developing strategies to manage and conserve desert biodiversity under changing climate conditions.