The primary determinant of soil health is its organic matter content. Organic matter enhances soil structure, nutrient retention, and microbial activity, crucial for sustaining plant growth. It acts as a reservoir for nutrients and improves water infiltration and drainage. Healthy soil also balances pH levels and fosters diverse soil fauna, contributing to a thriving ecosystem. However, practices like over-farming and improper management can deplete organic matter, highlighting the importance of maintaining soil health for agriculture and natural ecosystems alike.