The name of the stage in the cell cycle where DNA is replicated is called the S phase, which stands for synthesis phase. During this crucial period, the cell's genetic material is duplicated, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes during cell division. The S phase is preceded by the G1 phase, where the cell grows and prepares for replication, and is followed by the G2 phase, which is involved in further preparation for mitosis. Proper functioning of the S phase is essential for maintaining genetic stability and preventing mutations.