A renewable resource is a natural resource that can be replenished over time, such as solar energy, wind energy, and timber, while a non-renewable resource exists in finite amounts and cannot be replaced once depleted, like fossil fuels and minerals. The distinction is critical for sustainability; renewable resources contribute to long-term ecological balance, while the exploitation of non-renewable resources raises concerns over future availability and environmental impact. The shift toward renewable resources is essential for addressing climate change and ensuring sustainable development.