The concept of mutualism in ecology refers to a symbiotic relationship between two different species where both parties benefit. Examples include pollinators like bees that obtain nectar from flowers while helping to fertilize plants. This interdependence can enhance survival, reproductive success, and ecosystem stability. Mutualism plays a crucial role in biodiversity and ecosystem health as it promotes interactions that can lead to co-evolution. Understanding mutualism helps ecologists assess the dynamics of ecosystems and the importance of species interactions.