The calculation used to measure the concentration of a solution is known as molarity. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, expressed as moles/liter (mol/L). This measure is crucial in chemistry for preparing solutions and performing reactions, as it allows scientists to quantify how much solute is present in a given volume. Molarity helps in understanding the behavior of solutions in various chemical processes, enabling accurate predictions and measurements in experiments and industrial applications.