Tectonic plate movements are driven by mantle convection, a process where heat from the Earth's core causes the mantle to flow. This movement generates thermal currents that push and pull the overlying tectonic plates. Additionally, slab pull and ridge push are forces that enhance plate movement; slab pull occurs when a denser oceanic plate subducts, while ridge push results from the rising of magma at mid-ocean ridges. Collectively, these forces shape the Earth's surface and are responsible for geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanic activity.