The main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the correct codons on the mRNA. rRNA is a key component of ribosomes, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins. Together, these types of RNA coordinate the complex process of translating genetic information into functional proteins.