Chloroplasts are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells. These organelles contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures light energy from the sun. Utilizing this energy, chloroplasts convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, processes integral to plant growth and energy production. Additionally, chloroplasts are involved in other functions, such as fatty acid synthesis and amino acid production. The ability of chloroplasts to transform light energy into chemical energy makes them crucial for the energy flow in ecosystems.