The judiciary plays a critical role in checking executive power by interpreting laws and ensuring that government actions comply with the Constitution. Through a process called judicial review, courts can assess whether executive actions are lawful, thus serving as a safeguard against abuse of power. This check-and-balance system is vital in protecting individual rights and maintaining the rule of law. By adjudicating disputes between branches of government or between citizens and the state, the judiciary upholds democratic principles and ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful, thereby promoting accountability and transparency.