"Federal oversight" in governance refers to the mechanisms through which federal authorities monitor and regulate state and local governments to ensure compliance with national laws and standards. This oversight is especially important in areas like civil rights, environmental protection, and public health. Federal oversight can help address disparities in policy implementation, ensuring equitable treatment across regions. However, it may also lead to tensions between federal and state authorities over jurisdiction and the balance of power, creating ongoing debates about the role of government in citizens' lives.