A "welfare state" is defined by a government system that provides a range of social services to its citizens, aimed at ensuring a basic standard of living. This includes healthcare, education, unemployment benefits, and housing support, financed through taxation. The welfare state seeks to reduce inequality and provide a safety net for vulnerable populations, promoting social equity. Countries like Sweden and Norway exemplify successful welfare states, where policies prioritize social welfare while balancing economic growth. The welfare state is crucial for maintaining social stability and improving citizens' quality of life.