Federal and unitary systems of government represent distinct approaches to political organization. In a federal system, power is divided between national and regional authorities, allowing for greater autonomy among regions or states. This division enables diverse policies that cater to local needs. In contrast, a unitary system centralizes power at the national level, with regional authorities operating under the strict control of the central government. While federal systems promote regional representation and flexibility, unitary systems can achieve efficiency and uniformity in governance. Each system has its advantages and drawbacks depending on the country's context and needs.