The separation of powers is a fundamental principle in preventing authoritarianism by distributing authority among different branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. This structure creates a system of checks and balances, ensuring that no single branch can dominate or misuse power. Each branch has specific responsibilities and can hold others accountable, fostering transparency and accountability in governance. When properly implemented, the separation of powers protects individual liberties and civil rights, contributing to a stable and just democratic society. It is essential for upholding the rule of law and preventing the rise of tyranny.