The concept of sovereignty applies to nation-states as it signifies their ultimate authority over their territory and governance without external interference. It involves political independence and the capacity to exercise control over domestic affairs, including lawmaking and resource management. National sovereignty is integral to international relations, as it underlies the recognition of states as equals within the global system. However, it faces challenges from globalization and supranational organizations, which can affect a nation’s ability to operate independently, raising questions about how sovereignty is exercised in an interconnected world.