Institutions play a crucial role in safeguarding against political corruption through established systems of transparency, accountability, and checks and balances. Mechanisms such as independent judiciaries, anti-corruption agencies, and effective law enforcement help deter corrupt practices. Additionally, implementing strict regulations on campaign financing and lobbying can prevent undue influence on policymakers. A conducive environment for whistleblowers and an active civil society also contribute to monitoring government actions, creating a robust framework to combat corruption.