In ancient Mesopotamian mythology, the ruler of the afterlife is Erishkigal. She presides over the Underworld, known as Kur, where the souls of the deceased reside. Erishkigal's role is to maintain order among the dead and ensure that the souls are judged appropriately. Mythological narratives often depict her interactions with lively gods, showcasing the balance between life and death and the inevitability of mortality. Her character explores themes of fear, loss, and the significance of honoring the dead in Mesopotamian culture.