The significance of the Aeneid in Roman mythology lies in its portrayal of the hero Aeneas and the foundational myths of Rome. Composed by Virgil, this epic poem narrates Aeneas' journey from Troy to Italy, symbolizing the struggle and destiny of the Roman people. It emphasizes themes of duty, piety, and the divine support guiding Aeneas towards his fated role in establishing Rome. The Aeneid serves as a cultural touchstone, shaping Roman identity and highlighting the importance of founding myths in shaping civilizations.