The ancient civilization that worshipped the god Marduk is Babylon. Marduk, the patron deity of the city, symbolizes order, justice, and magic. He is celebrated for defeating the chaos goddess Tiamat and creating the world from her carcass, establishing himself as the chief god of the Babylonian pantheon. The worship of Marduk played a significant role in Babylonian culture, contributing to their advancements in astronomy and literature.