In Roman mythology, the dead reside in the Underworld, called Hades or Inferno. This realm is presided over by the god Pluto, representing the afterlife's separation from the living world. The Romans had beliefs concerning the judgment of souls, where the virtuous were rewarded while the wicked faced punishment. Additionally, certain rites and rituals were crucial for honoring the dead, ensuring a smooth transition into the afterlife and maintaining a connection between both realms.