The influential historical figure known for leading the Cuban Revolution in the 20th century was Fidel Castro. Coming to prominence in the 1950s, Castro led a successful revolt against the authoritarian regime of Fulgencio Batista. His establishment of a socialist state in Cuba marked a significant shift in the country’s political and economic structure. Castro's policies focused on land reform, education, and health care, striving to improve the conditions for the Cuban populace. His leadership solidified Cuba's position in global geopolitics, particularly during the Cold War, affecting its relations with both the U.S. and Soviet Union.