The Indian leader known for his doctrine of nonviolent resistance against colonialism was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, often referred to as Mahatma Gandhi. He advocated for peaceful protests and civil disobedience as means to challenge British rule in India. Gandhi's philosophy influenced numerous liberation movements worldwide and emphasized the importance of social justice, ethical living, and the power of collective action. His leadership played a pivotal role in India’s struggle for independence and left a lasting legacy in the fight for human rights.