The famous Russian czar known for modernizing and westernizing Russia was Peter the Great. Reigning from 1682 to 1725, he aimed to transform Russia into a major European power. Peter implemented sweeping reforms, including modernizing the military, reforming government structures, and promoting education and industry. He also established St. Petersburg as a new capital, reflecting his desire for a more open and westernized Russia. His initiatives laid the foundation for the Russian Empire's expansion and modernization, significantly impacting the nation’s trajectory for years to come.