The famous Roman general who crossed the Rubicon, sparking a civil war, was Julius Caesar. In 49 BC, faced with political conflicts and threats to his power, Caesar made the decisive move of crossing the Rubicon River with his army, an act that symbolized rebellion against the Roman Senate. His famous phrase "The die is cast" highlighted the irreversible nature of this action, igniting a civil war against Pompey and the Senate. This conflict ultimately led to Caesar's rise as the dictator of Rome until his assassination in 44 BC, dramatically transforming Roman politics and society.