Karl Marx was the famous political philosopher known for his ideas about capitalism and communism. His seminal work, "The Communist Manifesto," co-authored with Friedrich Engels, critiques the capitalist system and presents a vision for a classless society. Marx argued that capitalism inevitably leads to the exploitation of workers, the proletariat, by the capitalist class, the bourgeoisie. He believed that the class struggle would ultimately lead to revolutionary change, resulting in a society based on collective ownership of means of production. His ideas have significantly influenced political movements and economic theories worldwide, inspiring various socialist and communist movements throughout history.