Mao Zedong was the Chinese leader known for his campaigns during the Cultural Revolution, which lasted from 1966 to 1976. The Cultural Revolution aimed to reassert Mao's ideological control over the Communist Party and eliminate perceived capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. It involved mobilizing the youth, particularly through the Red Guards, to challenge the party establishment and target intellectuals, perceived enemies, and dissenters. This period was marked by widespread social and political upheaval, cultural destruction, and severe human rights violations. Mao's campaigns during this time had lasting impacts on China, shaping its political landscape and leading to significant changes in governance and ideology.