Maximilien Robespierre led the National Assembly and the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. A prominent figure in the revolutionary government, he was a key advocate for the establishment of the Republic in France. Robespierre's radical approach included the implementation of the Reign of Terror, a period from 1793 to 1794 characterized by mass executions of perceived enemies of the revolution, primarily through the guillotine. His efforts aimed to maintain revolutionary fervor and eliminate dissent, but ultimately resulted in his own downfall and execution in 1794, marking the end of this tumultuous chapter in French history.