The political movement in the 19th century that pushed for the unification of Italy is known as the Risorgimento. This movement began in the early 19th century and aimed to consolidate the various states and territories of the Italian peninsula into a single nation-state. Key figures in this movement included Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Camillo di Cavour, and Giuseppe Mazzini, who played crucial roles in both the military and diplomatic efforts. The movement ultimately culminated in the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, significantly changing the political landscape of Europe.