The notable figure recognized for their work in the field of natural philosophy during the Enlightenment is Isaac Newton. His groundbreaking work, particularly in the field of physics and mathematics, culminated in the publication of "Principia Mathematica," which laid the foundation for classical mechanics. Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation revolutionized scientific thought, emphasizing reason and empirical evidence. He became a symbol of the Enlightenment's pursuit of knowledge and the application of rational thought to understand natural phenomena.