Galileo Galilei was famously placed under house arrest for advocating heliocentrism, the model of the solar system that placed the Sun at its center rather than the Earth. His support for Copernican theory brought him into direct conflict with the Catholic Church, leading to his trial in 1633. Despite his confinement, Galileo continued to work on scientific theories, making significant contributions to physics and astronomy. His experiences highlight the tension between science and religion during the Renaissance and the subsequent impact on scientific inquiry.